Followers | 48 |
Posts | 11129 |
Boards Moderated | 0 |
Alias Born | 06/15/2014 |
Sunday, April 21, 2024 5:22:48 PM
"Fasted State versus Fed State
An important finding in the majority of studies trying to understand the absorption behavior of omega-3 ethyl ester (EE) was that it is of utmost importance to take the omega-3-EE medication after a fatty meal (fed state) and not on empty stomach (fasted state). Unfortunately this fact is not detectable from the data shown in Table 2 because the Relative Bioavailability Index for the EE-form was always set to 100, even if the bioavailability with respect to absorbed absolute quantity of omega-3 (in mg) was very poor. A good illustration of this food effect can be seen in the absorption charts from the ECLIPSE study [18] where the bioavailability between an omega-3-ethyl ester drug (EE) and a omega-3-free-fatty-acid drug (FFA) was compared. The total EPA and DHA content of both drugs are comparable. From Figure 5a can be seen that the EE formulation (green line) in the fasted state (low fat diet) is only very poorly absorbed. Whereas the FFA form gets well absorbed with a typical Cmax at approx. 5 hours after intake. Taking the same formulations after a high fat diet (fed state) the absorption behavior of the EE improves dramatically and shows a similar curve-shape than the FFA-form (Figure 5b). However, looking at the total EPA+DHA plasma concentrations of the two charts (Y-Axis), it also becomes clear that the absolute quantity of absorbed EPA-FFA and DHA-FAA (in mmol/ml blood) improves almost twofold when the drug is taken after a fatty meal.
Therefore, in order to maximize the absolute quantity of EPA+DHA absorbed into the blood one should always ingest the omega-3 nutritional supplement or pharmaceutical drugs together or shortly after a fatty meal. Our digestive system, in particular the pancreatic enzymes and bile acids need to be triggered and released by a minimum amount of fat in our diet. This is especially important for the omega-3 EE form. Taking such a supplement or drug before or after a light breakfast (for example only fruit and coffee) will not release any pancreatic lipase that can split the EE into the absorbable FFA form. The majority of the ingested omega-3-EE will thus not be able to be absorbed and are lost with the feces. On the other hand, products offered as TG or rTG start to provoke a pancreatic response even in a fasted state and thus can be absorbed after being converted to the FFA and monoglyceride form. The efficiency of this “lipid digestion” can be even more improved by taking the TG/rTG omega-3 together with a fatty meal. In this case a maximum pancreatic lipase activity can be achieved which maximizes the efficiency of transforming EPA/DHA-rTG into the bioabsorbable FFA and MG esters. However, many people taking omega-3 products suffer from hyperlipidemia and thus should avoid a too fatty diet. In this case the omega-3 supplement/drug should be ideally in the FFA-, TG- or rTG-form.
As general rule can be said, that all EPA and/or DHA chemical forms are far better absorbed and thus more bioavailable, if taken together with or shortly after a fatty meal (Figure 6). Thus, bioavailability is directly influenced by (i) the chemical form of the omega-3 fatty acid and (ii) whether this omega-3 fatty acid was ingested in the fasted or fed state."
https://vitalremedymd.com/blogs/professionals/omega-3-bioavailability-dependson-the-chemical-form-concentration-and-fed-state
Recent AMRN News
- Amarin Reports First Quarter 2024 Business Update and Financial Results • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 05/01/2024 11:00:00 AM
- Amarin Applauds HealthyWomen’s Citizen’s Petition Urging FDA To Take Further Action On Fenofibrate Prescribing in Patients at Risk of Cardiovascular Event • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/24/2024 06:00:01 PM
- Amarin Announces Results of Annual General Meeting of Shareholders • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/22/2024 12:00:25 PM
- Amarin to Report First Quarter 2024 Financial Results and Host Conference Call on May 1, 2024 • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/15/2024 12:00:00 PM
- Amarin Highlights Key Data Providing Mechanistic Insights into Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) at ACC.24 • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/08/2024 12:00:00 PM
- New REDUCE-IT® Analyses Show VASCEPA® (Icosapent Ethyl) Benefit in High-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Patient Subgroups • PR Newswire (Canada) • 04/08/2024 10:30:00 AM
- New REDUCE-IT® Analyses Show VASCEPA®/VAZKEPA® (Icosapent Ethyl) Benefit in High-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Patient Subgroups • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/06/2024 07:30:00 PM
- Amarin Provides Update on VAZKEPA® (Icosapent Ethyl) Intellectual Property Portfolio in Europe • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 04/03/2024 12:00:00 PM
- Research Evaluating Benefits of VASCEPA®/VAZKEPA® (icosapent ethyl) to be Presented at the American College of Cardiology’s (ACC) Annual Scientific Session & Expo • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 03/25/2024 12:00:00 PM
- Form ARS - Annual Report to Security Holders • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 03/04/2024 10:30:53 PM
- Form DEF 14A - Other definitive proxy statements • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 03/04/2024 01:00:24 PM
- Form 10-K - Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405] • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/29/2024 12:06:26 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/29/2024 12:05:56 PM
- Amarin Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Provides Business Update • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 02/29/2024 12:00:00 PM
- Amarin to Report Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Host Conference on February 29, 2024 • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 02/15/2024 01:00:00 PM
- Form PRE 14A - Other preliminary proxy statements • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/12/2024 01:00:24 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/09/2024 09:31:50 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/09/2024 09:30:28 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/09/2024 09:30:12 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/02/2024 09:30:24 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/02/2024 09:30:22 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 02/02/2024 09:30:11 PM
- Form 8-K - Current report • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 01/26/2024 12:00:49 PM
- Form 4 - Statement of changes in beneficial ownership of securities • Edgar (US Regulatory) • 01/24/2024 09:31:21 PM
- Amarin Chairman & CEO Issue Letter to Shareholders • GlobeNewswire Inc. • 01/22/2024 12:30:00 PM
NanoViricides Reports that the Phase I NV-387 Clinical Trial is Completed Successfully and Data Lock is Expected Soon • NNVC • May 2, 2024 10:07 AM
ILUS Files Form 10-K and Provides Shareholder Update • ILUS • May 2, 2024 8:52 AM
Avant Technologies Names New CEO Following Acquisition of Healthcare Technology and Data Integration Firm • AVAI • May 2, 2024 8:00 AM
Bantec Engaged in a Letter of Intent to Acquire a Small New Jersey Based Manufacturing Company • BANT • May 1, 2024 10:00 AM
Cannabix Technologies to Deliver Breath Logix Alcohol Screening Device to Australia • BLO • Apr 30, 2024 8:53 AM
Hydromer, Inc. Reports Preliminary Unaudited Financial Results for First Quarter 2024 • HYDI • Apr 29, 2024 9:10 AM